Question 1

To investigate the impact of distracting sounds on learning effectiveness,research participants tried to memorize lists of words in either a quiet or a noisy setting.Participants in the quiet setting were assigned to the ______ group.

Accepted Answer

A)  survey
B)  experimental
C)  correlational
D)  controlE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

A random sample of a large group of people is one in which

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of people included in the sample is determined by chance.
B)  every person in the large group has an equal chance of being included in the sample.
C)  personality differences among those in the sample are practically nonexistent.
D)  all of these situations are true.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 3

The use of scientific methods to explore people's satisfaction with the past,happiness with the present,and optimism about the future is most clearly characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorism.
B)  positive psychology.
C)  cognitive neuroscience.
D)  the biopsychosocial approach.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Recognizing that our explanations for our own and others' behaviors may be incorrect best illustrates an element of the scientific attitude known as

Accepted Answer

A)  practicality.
B)  self-control.
C)  humility.
D)  curiosity.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Developing testable predictions before conducting research is most directly useful for restraining a thinking error known as

Accepted Answer

A)  random sampling.
B)  hindsight bias.
C)  the placebo effect.
D)  random assignment.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

After an experiment,research participants are told its purpose and about any deception they may have experienced.This is called

Accepted Answer

A)  debriefing.
B)  replication.
C)  informed consent.
D)  the double-blind procedure.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Debriefing refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a technique for assessing the attitudes of those who respond to a survey.
B)  repeating a research study with a different set of participants than those in the original study.
C)  a procedure designed to inhibit the placebo effect.
D)  explaining a research study to participants after the study is completed.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

As students prepare for a test,they often believe that they understand the course material better than they actually do.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  overconfidence.
B)  random assignment.
C)  hindsight bias.
D)  the placebo effect.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Website polls and call-in phone surveys often yield unrepresentative results because they fail to use

Accepted Answer

A)  operational definitions.
B)  random sampling.
C)  independent variables.
D)  double-blind procedures.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

In exploring human behavior,contemporary psychologists rely most heavily on

Accepted Answer

A)  case studies.
B)  the psychodynamic perspective.
C)  natural selection.
D)  scientific methods.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

In contrast to explicit,conscious reasoning,an unconsciously guided,automatic judgment is best described as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  theory.
B)  chance-based explanation.
C)  intuition.
D)  naturalistic observation.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 12

A researcher would be most likely to discover a positive correlation between

Accepted Answer

A)  intelligence and academic success.
B)  poverty and physical health.
C)  self-esteem and depression.
D)  school grades and school absences.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 13

A correlation of +0.70 between children's physical height and their popularity among their peers indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  higher levels of popularity among peers are associated with greater physical height in children.
B)  there is no relationship between children's height and their popularity.
C)  being unusually short or tall has a negative impact on children's popularity.
D)  children's height has no causal impact on their popularity.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following statistical measures is most helpful for indicating the extent to which high school grades predict college or university grades?

Accepted Answer

A)  SQ3R
B)  a random sample
C)  a correlation coefficient
D)  an independent variableE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Psychologists study animals because

Accepted Answer

A)  they want to understand how different species think and behave.
B)  animal physiology is often simpler and easier to understand than human physiology.
C)  it is more permissible to conduct certain types of research with animals than with humans.
D)  of all of these reasons.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Myron believes that people's dislike of bitter-tasting foods has promoted human survival.His belief best illustrates the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychodynamic
B)  social-cultural
C)  evolutionary
D)  behavioralE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

An explanation using principles that organize observations and predict behaviors or events is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable.
B)  hypothesis.
C)  theory.
D)  survey.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

The simplified reality of laboratory experiments is most helpful in enabling psychologists to

Accepted Answer

A)  predict human behavior in almost all situations.
B)  perceive order in completely random events.
C)  develop general principles that help explain behavior.
D)  observe random samples of human conduct.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 19

The enduring traditions,attitudes,ideas,and behaviors shared by a large group of people form their

Accepted Answer

A)  culture.
B)  levels of analysis.
C)  behavior genetics.
D)  community psychology.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Psychologists study animals because

Accepted Answer

A)  animal behavior is just as complex as human behavior.
B)  experiments on people are generally considered to be unethical.
C)  the ethical treatment of animals is not mandated by professional guidelines.
D)  similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 1: Psychologys Roots, Big Ideas, and Critical Thinking Tools

Website polls and call-in phone surveys often yield unrepresentative results because they fail to use

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Developing testable predictions before conducting research is most directly useful for restraining a thinking error known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of scientific methods to explore people's satisfaction with the past,happiness with the present,and optimism about the future is most clearly characteristic of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists study animals because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As students prepare for a test,they often believe that they understand the course material better than they actually do.This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The enduring traditions,attitudes,ideas,and behaviors shared by a large group of people form their

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After an experiment,research participants are told its purpose and about any deception they may have experienced.This is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A random sample of a large group of people is one in which

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To investigate the impact of distracting sounds on learning effectiveness,research participants tried to memorize lists of words in either a quiet or a noisy setting.Participants in the quiet setting were assigned to the ______ group.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A correlation of +0.70 between children's physical height and their popularity among their peers indicates that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statistical measures is most helpful for indicating the extent to which high school grades predict college or university grades?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In contrast to explicit,conscious reasoning,an unconsciously guided,automatic judgment is best described as a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Recognizing that our explanations for our own and others' behaviors may be incorrect best illustrates an element of the scientific attitude known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher would be most likely to discover a positive correlation between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The simplified reality of laboratory experiments is most helpful in enabling psychologists to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Debriefing refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists study animals because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In exploring human behavior,contemporary psychologists rely most heavily on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Myron believes that people's dislike of bitter-tasting foods has promoted human survival.His belief best illustrates the ________ perspective.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An explanation using principles that organize observations and predict behaviors or events is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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