Question 1

In the context of Freud's theory of psychosexual development, a strong need for order is a(n)  _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   anal-expulsive trait
B)   oral trait
C)   latent trait
D)   anal-retentive traitE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

_____ developed the psychodynamic theory called analytical psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)   Sigmund Freud
B)   Alfred Adler
C)   Carl Jung
D)   Erik EriksonE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 3

According to Freud, during the__________of psychosexual development children may develop strong sexual attachments to the parent of the other gender and begin to view the parent of the same gender as a rival for the other parent's affections.

Accepted Answer

A)   oral stage
B)   anal stage
C)   phallic stage
D)   latency stageE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Self-esteem is connected with patterns of acculturation among immigrants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Nicholas develops a new assessment tool to measure the psychological concept of extraversion. He finds that individuals who take the test repeatedly tend to score similarly each time. Which dimension of assessment has Nicholas established?

Accepted Answer

A)   Reliability
B)   Variability
C)   Validity
D)   ScoringE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

According to Freud, moderate gratification in any stage could lead to fixation in that stage and to the development of traits that are characteristic of the stage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is true of the social cognitive theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   It pays less attention to genetic variation in explaining individual differences in behavior.
B)   It tends to be more descriptive than explanatory.
C)   It gives less attention to person variables such as values and expectancies.
D)   It subdues the importance of publicly observable variables or behaviors.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Freud believed that a major instinct,__________, aims to preserve and perpetuate life.

Accepted Answer

A)   ego
B)   fixation
C)   eros
D)   repressionE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Freud believed that children encounter conflict during each stage of psychosexual development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is true of the learning theorists?

Accepted Answer

A)   They emphasize the importance of environmental conditions as determinants of behavior.
B)   They believe that most behaviors are innate and learned instinctively through collective conscious.
C)   They focus on internal variables such as unconscious conflict to explain and predict behavior.
D)   They undermine the importance of referring to publicly observable variables or behaviors.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Which one of the following is a criticism of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   It failed to recognize the importance of repression.
B)   It ignored the role of sexual drives.
C)   It was too vague to scientifically measure the psychic structures.
D)   It disregarded the far-reaching effects of childhood events.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following theorists believed that personality is not something people have but rather something they create to give meaning and direction to their lives?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sociocultural theorists
B)   Humanistic theorists
C)   Freudian theorists
D)   Cognitive theoristsE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Carl Rogers believed that we all have unique frames of reference.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Eysenck focused on the relationships between two personality traits:__________and emotional stability-instability.

Accepted Answer

A)   agreeableness-disagreeableness
B)   openness-shallowness
C)   introversion-extraversion
D)   conscientious-carelessE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Which of the following is an illustration of the defense mechanism of repression?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mary witnessed the death of her sister when she was young but cannot remember it now.
B)   Mark wants to remember what he ate for lunch but is not sure whether it was tuna or hamburger.
C)   Michael tells people he did not cheat in high school but knows it is untrue.
D)   Michelle planned to go to a party, but her mother forced her to stay at home.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above A

Question 16

Which of the following Freudian psychic structures is present in a person at birth?

Accepted Answer

A)   The Id
B)   The creative self
C)   The Ego
D)   The SuperegoE) All of the above
F) C) and D) A

Question 17

According to Freud, the id follows the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   moral principle
B)   reality principle
C)   pleasure principle
D)   reasoning principleE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following is a shortcoming of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   It failed to recognize the significance of repression.
B)   It ignored the role of id, ego, and superego.
C)   Its clinical method of gathering evidence is suspect.
D)   It dismissed the profound effects of childhood events.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 19

__________refers to the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another.

Accepted Answer

A)   Cognition
B)   Personality
C)   Motivation
D)   LiabilityE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, which of the following is an oral trait?

Accepted Answer

A)   Gullibility
B)   Self-control
C)   Perfectionism
D)   SadismE) A) and D)
F) A) and C) A

Exam 10: Personality: Theory and Measurement

In the context of Freud's theory of psychosexual development, a strong need for order is a(n) _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ developed the psychodynamic theory called analytical psychology.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud, during the__________of psychosexual development children may develop strong sexual attachments to the parent of the other gender and begin to view the parent of the same gender as a rival for the other parent's affections.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Self-esteem is connected with patterns of acculturation among immigrants.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nicholas develops a new assessment tool to measure the psychological concept of extraversion. He finds that individuals who take the test repeatedly tend to score similarly each time. Which dimension of assessment has Nicholas established?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud, moderate gratification in any stage could lead to fixation in that stage and to the development of traits that are characteristic of the stage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of the social cognitive theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud believed that a major instinct,__________, aims to preserve and perpetuate life.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud believed that children encounter conflict during each stage of psychosexual development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of the learning theorists?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is a criticism of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following theorists believed that personality is not something people have but rather something they create to give meaning and direction to their lives?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carl Rogers believed that we all have unique frames of reference.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eysenck focused on the relationships between two personality traits:__________and emotional stability-instability.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an illustration of the defense mechanism of repression?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following Freudian psychic structures is present in a person at birth?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

According to Freud, the id follows the _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a shortcoming of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________refers to the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, which of the following is an oral trait?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

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