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An individual who intentionally places another in danger does not have a duty of rescue.

A) True
B) False

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Rory has been kidnapped. The kidnappers plan to use him to commit a crime spree in hopes they will not be identified and will reap the benefits from the crimes Rory will commit. He has been hypnotized to believe that the entire plan is his own. Will Rory have criminal liability if he participates in the crime spree?


A) Yes, if he participates he is subject to accomplice liability.
B) No, providing his actions are found to be involuntary.
C) Yes, but he will be subject to lesser penalties.
D) No, but he will have to testify against his kidnappers in exchange for immunity.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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What is a difference between a voluntary act and an involuntary act?

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A voluntary act is a conscious choice by...

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What is a preparatory offense?

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A strong answer will define pr...

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Individuals who intervene will never be placed in jeopardy.

A) True
B) False

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______ possession refers to drugs and other contraband that are in an individual's physical possession or within the individual's immediate reach.


A) Mere
B) Actual
C) Joint
D) Multiple

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Possession should be clearly established ______.


A) by a preponderance of the evidence
B) by circumstantial evidence
C) beyond a reasonable doubt
D) by clear and convincing evidence

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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A crime is comprised of an actus reus and a mens rea.

A) True
B) False

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The ______ law punishes voluntary acts and does not penalize thoughts.


A) civil
B) criminal
C) administrative
D) international

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Jonathan is a sleepwalker. One night during a nightmare, he takes the gun from his nightstand and goes on a search for his attacker. He shoots and injures David, an innocent bystander who has never met Jonathan. Jonathan wakes up in the police station unaware of any of the recent events. Will he be convicted for his actions?


A) Yes, he fired his weapon without excuse or justification.
B) Yes, his actions were a product of voluntariness.
C) No, he was unconscious and his actions were involuntary.
D) No, unless eyewitnesses prove his actions.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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______ possession refers to a situation in which a number of individuals exercise control over an object.


A) Basic
B) Group
C) Joint
D) Multiple

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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A(n) ______ is a conscious choice by an individual to commit or not commit an act.


A) independent
B) involuntary
C) dependent
D) voluntary

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following types of possession is an actual defense that can be used in a trial?


A) constructive possession
B) defensible possession
C) justifiable possession
D) fleeting possession

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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______ possession means an individual's awareness that he or she is in possession of an object.


A) Knowing
B) Constructive
C) Mere
D) Identifiable

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The modern view is that an act involves a bodily movement whether voluntary or involuntary.

A) True
B) False

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What are the two requirements for a crime to occur?


A) actus reus and mens rea
B) a voluntary act and a criminal thought
C) actus rea and mens reus
D) a criminal intent and opportunity

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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The Model Penal Code requires that the guilt of the defendant should be based on conduct that includes a voluntary act or omission.

A) True
B) False

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A negation is a failure to act or a "negative act."

A) True
B) False

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In the United States, a duty to intervene may be created by a statute that imposes a duty of care.

A) True
B) False

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The ______ rule permits an innocent individual to momentarily possess and dispose of an illegal object.


A) fleeting possession
B) constructive possession
C) temporary possession
D) mere possession

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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