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Exam 8: Cognition and Language

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Question 51

Multiple Choice

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Research suggests that when making a decision involving relatively few options, people tend to use

A) elimination by aspects strategies.
B) selection by aspect strategies.
C) additive strategies.
D) subtractive strategies.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Question 52

Multiple Choice

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The active efforts to discover what must be done to achieve a goal that is not readily attainable is the cognitive structure known as

A) inductive reasoning.
B) creativity.
C) problem solving.
D) a heuristic.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Question 53

Multiple Choice

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Joe is a bilingual elementary school student. Relative to his monolingual peers, Joe is likely to excel on tasks requiring

Barriers to effective problem solving, such as functional fixedness and mental sets, BEST reflect the unifying theme in psychology that

Attempting possible solutions to a problem, then discarding the ones that don't work until you find one that does, is called the ____________________ method of problem solving.

Phonemes are the smallest units of ____ in a spoken language; morphemes are the smallest units of ____ in a language.

Semantics is the component of language concerned with

Which of the following is NOT a common heuristic for problem-solving?

In light of their views on language acquisition, which theorist would expect apes to progress the furthest in language development?

The most successfully trained apes have language abilities similar to a three-year old human child..

An eight-year-old shows irony and sarcasm in his speech by saying "That's just great, I'm a regular Michael Jordan!" after he misses a free throw in a basketball game; this suggests that his ____ has improved.

Toddlers typically have a smaller receptive vocabulary then their productive vocabulary.

Research into the impact of bilingualism on language development suggests that bilingual children tend to have smaller vocabularies in each of their languages then monolingual children do.

Robert knows how to say "red", but when his cousin asks him to name the colours of the cars that drive past their house, he says red for the red cars, the blue cars, the green cars, and the black cars. Robert's use of this word illustrates

The two sentences "Tom hit John" and "John hit Tom" are the same in regard to

Jenna is 14 months old and uses only "bottle, no, up, bye-bye, mama and dada" when she talks. However, when the family is on their way to visit Jenna's grandmother, and her father tells Jenna to get her blue bunny from the bedroom and bring it with her, Jenna quickly runs to get the bunny. This episode demonstrates that

Infant vocalisations that consist of repetitive consonant-vowel combinations such as "lalalalalala" are known as ____________________.

Herbert Simon's theory of bounded rationality asserts that people's reliance on simple decision-making strategies often results in suboptimal decisions.

The trial and error approach to problem solving is most effective when

In language development, babbling refers to producing