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Freud's concept of the unconscious is MOST like Jung's


A) preconscious.
B) personal unconscious.
C) collective unconscious.
D) archetypes.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Evolutionary theorists have recently proposed a revision of Maslow's theory to emphasize _____ needs.


A) esteem
B) reproduction
C) selective
D) cognitive

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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B

Briefly describe the research into behavioral genetics and personality and its conclusions, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the biological approach to personality.

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Biological theories stress the genetic o...

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Which of the following traits is MOST likely to be associated with high levels of productivity in a job setting?


A) Neuroticism
B) Extraversion
C) Conscientiousness
D) Agreeableness

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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The idea that various cultures have widely recognized prototype personalities is known as


A) cultural prejudice.
B) national character.
C) national membership.
D) cultural grouping.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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The superego is Freud's term for the


A) moral component of personality.
B) biological impulses that drive our behavior.
C) mediating agent between the other two components of personality.
D) unconscious aspect of personality.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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A

According to the evolutionary approach to personality, humans have evolved special sensitivity to variations in the ability to cooperate and collaborate with others, which is closely associated with the Big Five personality trait of _____.

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Which of the following is considered a major strength of projective tests?


A) The degree of standardization in administration and scoring
B) The difficulty in engaging in deliberate deception
C) The substantial evidence for their validity
D) The consistency of the scores provided

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The tendency to mold our interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out is called ​


A) projection.
B) reaction formation.
C) the hindsight bias.
D) self-enhancement.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Briefly discuss how Skinner's principles of operant conditioning can be applied to the structure and development of personality, and compare them to Bandura's social cognitive theory viewpoint.

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Skinner's views on personality were simi...

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Which of the following theoretical perspectives would be MOST likely to argue that a person's subjective view of the world is more important than the objective reality?


A) Behavioral approach
B) Cognitive approach
C) Humanistic approach
D) Biological approach

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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According to terror management theory, which of the following BEST describes how culture solves the existential crisis created by awareness of death?


A) It gives members a sense of being part of an enduring legacy by creating stories and traditions.
B) It provides people with a sense of personal self-worth.
C) It functions as an anxiety buffer.
D) It creates mortality salience by encouraging humans to think about their own death.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Explain what is meant by a personality trait, and describe the five-factor model of personality.

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Personality refers to an individual's un...

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The idea that a person's unconscious needs will determine how he or she perceives ambiguous stimuli is the basis for


A) personality trait tests.
B) the MMPI.
C) the TAT.
D) the personal trait checklist.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Gordon hadn't thought about the band Spider Wings for several months. However, as soon as Donovon mentioned it, Gordon instantly thought about the great time he had at their last concert. According to Freud, before Donovon mentioned Spider Wings, Gordon's memory of the concert was contained in his _____ mind.


A) subconscious
B) preconscious
C) conscious
D) unconscious

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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In explaining why Lydia is cheerful, conscientious, and willing to share, a psychologist who took an observational learning perspective toward personality development would consider Lydia's _____.

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When anthropologists compare ancient artifacts from South America, Europe, and Australia, they often find similarities among the images that are depicted. Based on Jung's analytical psychology, some of these apparent similarities may stem from ​


A) the preconscious.
B) reciprocal determinism.
C) manifest consciousness.
D) the collective unconscious.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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D

A strength of the behavioral theories of personality is that the theories ​


A) generalize from animal to human behavior.
B) focus on the importance of childhood experiences.
C) are based on extensive empirical research.
D) emphasize an individual's subjective view.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following is NOT one of the major contributions associated with the humanistic theory of personality?


A) The importance of a person's subjective views
B) Focusing attention on what constitutes a healthy personality
C) Making the self-concept an important construct in psychology
D) Acknowledging the role that internal conflict plays in generating psychological distress

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be made by a humanist? ​


A) People are rational.
B) People are dominated by unconscious conflicts.
C) People can rise above their animal heritage.
D) People are unique.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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