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Exam 6: Learning

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Question 41

Multiple Choice

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Belinda was very close to her father because he always made her feel safe. Belinda's father always wore Stetson cologne. Today, every time she smells the scent of Stetson cologne, she develops a pleasant feeling of warmth and comfort. The learning process that could BEST account for Belinda's pleasant feelings is

A) operant conditioning.
B) observational learning.
C) delayed reinforcement.
D) classical conditioning.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Question 42

Multiple Choice

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In the 1930s, learning that is influenced by stimuli that follow the response was christened "operant conditioning" by ​

A) Ivan Pavlov.
B) John Watson.
C) B. F. Skinner.
D) Edward Thorndike.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Question 43

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In Pavlov's research on classical conditioning, the meat powder was the _____ stimulus.

If you devise a self-modification program in which you systematically reward yourself for studying, you are applying the principles of ​

Kylee used to bring drawings home from her kindergarten class every day. Her parents would put the pictures on the refrigerator and tell Kylee how nice the pictures were. Lately, her parents haven't been putting her artwork on the refrigerator, and now Kylee has stopped bringing drawings home with her. This example illustrates the operant conditioning process of ​

Your younger daughter watches your older daughter wash the breakfast dishes. Later, your younger daughter attempts to wash some dishes. The older daughter has acted as a

Lyn is afraid of all spiders because her brother once dropped a spider down her shirt when she was younger. Today, even the sight of a rubber spider is enough to send shivers down her spine. The learning process that could BEST account for Lyn's fear of spiders is

In the Little Albert experiment on conditioned emotional responses, the conditioned stimulus was the

How do psychologists define learning? ​

Compare the acquisition procedures in classical and operant conditioning. What is the essential difference between the two types of conditioning? ​

The studies of Garcia and his colleagues demonstrate that rats very easily learn to associate a taste CS with a(n)

You want to teach your dog to fetch the remote control for your TV. Why should you first use continuous reinforcement and then switch to partial reinforcement? ​

Businesses often provide good meals and pleasant surroundings when initially meeting with new clients. In these situations, clients may develop positive feelings toward their business host and the company he or she represents. If this occurs, then the pleasant surroundings have functioned as ​

When Diana was three years old, she became terrified when the neighbor's budgie bird kept flying near her head. Today, she is afraid of all birds, including robins, pigeons, and blue jays. Diana's fear illustrates the classical conditioning process of

Carson used to enjoy lime sherbet so when he was in Mexico, he tried frozen lime margaritas. After his fourth margarita, Carson became extremely ill. Now he finds that even the sight of lime sherbet in a bowl can make him feel queasy. In this example, the unconditioned stimulus is the

One Saturday, Clayton was sitting at home when the telephone rang. A local company was making promotional calls and told Clayton he had just won a $500 gift certificate. He felt a rush of excitement at the thought of what he could do with $500. Now Clayton finds that whenever he hears a telephone ring, he feels a little surge of excitement. In this example, the conditioned response is the

Lebron is a professional basketball player. He never knows for sure which of his shots will result in a basket, but the more shots he takes, the more baskets he makes. In this example, Lebron's shooting is being reinforced on a _____ schedule.

A circus trainer wants to train a cat to pull a rope as part of an animal act. The probability that the cat will just pull a rope is very low. Which of the following techniques would be the BEST choice to help the cat learn to emit the desired response?

The type of learning that occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by watching others who are called models is

When reinforcement for a behavior is removed, the consequence will be ​