Question 1

Applying a shock to the tail of the Aplysia

Accepted Answer

A)  has no effect on the responses to stimulation of the siphon or mantle.
B)  increases responding to stimulation of the mantle but not the siphon.
C)  increases responding to stimulation of the siphon but not the mantle.
D)  increases responding to stimulation of both the siphon and mantle.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Sensory adaptation occurs in which of the following physiological areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  the nervous system
B)  the sense organ
C)  the muscle tissue
D)  the interneuronE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

What is the correct pathway of the neural signal in a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent neuron, efferent neuron, interneuron
B)  efferent neuron, afferent neuron, interneuron
C)  afferent neuron, sensory neuron, efferent neuron
D)  afferent neuron, interneuron, efferent neuronE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Which of the following most correctly describes a sign stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  first causes sensitization, then habituation
B)  first causes habituation, then sensitization
C)  sufficient for eliciting a modal action pattern
D)  similar to an instinctE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

The dual-process theory assumes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  One neural process is responsible for increases and decreases in responsiveness to stimulation.
B)  Different types of neural mechanisms are responsible for increases and decreases in responsiveness to stimulation.
C)  Habituation and sensitization effects are essentially the same.
D)  Habituation is due to fatigue; sensitization is due to learning.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Sensitization in the Aplysia occurs due to

Accepted Answer

A)  engagement of the facilitory interneuron.
B)  changes in the sensitivity of the motor neuron.
C)  changes in the sensitivity of the sensory neuron
D)  changes in the action potential of the sensory neuron.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Habituation processes occur in the _____ system. Sensitization processes occur in the _____ system.

Accepted Answer

A)  state; sensory
B)  S-R; S-S
C)  S-R; state
D)  state; S-SE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

What is the biphasic pattern of emotional responses? Apply this concept in the description of a common human experience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the biphasic pattern of emotional...

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding any given modal action pattern?

Accepted Answer

A)  usually found in many species
B)  involves species-specific responses
C)  cannot be elicited by a stimulus found in the organism's usual environment
D)  involves movement towards or away from a stimulusE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Which two closely related events constitute a reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  eliciting outcome; corresponding reward
B)  eliciting stimulus; corresponding response
C)  eliciting response; corresponding outcome
D)  eliciting response; corresponding rewardE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Why would the same tone result in habituation for rats exposed to a low level background noise and sensitization for rats exposed to high level background noise?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only the high level background noise masked the tone.
B)  Only the low level background noise masked the tone.
C)  The low level background noise and tone combination activated the state and S-R system.
D)  The high level background noise and tone combination activated the state and S-R system.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 12

According to the dual-process theory, each presentation of a given stimulus activates

Accepted Answer

A)  both the state and S-R systems.
B)  the state system and may activate the S-R system.
C)  the S-R system.
D)  the state system.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Describe sign stimuli involved in the control of human behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe sign stimuli involved in the control...

Question 14

Which of the following is not a modal action pattern?

Accepted Answer

A)  the startle response of rats
B)  the beak-pecking behavior of herring gull chicks
C)  the nest building behaviors of male sticklebacks
D)  the courtship interactions of ring doves.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Fatigue occurs in which of the following physiological areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  the nervous system
B)  the sense organ
C)  the muscle tissue
D)  the interneuronE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

A loud tone is repeatedly presented to a group of rats. Initially, there is a large startle response that decreases across trials. The response decrease across trials may be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation.
B)  fatigue.
C)  sensory adaptation.
D)  All of the aboveE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

A bright light causes a startle response. The second presentation of the light elicits less of a response because the subject was temporarily blinded by the first light flash. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation.
B)  sensitization.
C)  sensory adaptation.
D)  habituationE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

If all the members of a species perform the same behavior, this is an indication

Accepted Answer

A)  that an instinct is mediating behavior.
B)  that a fixed action pattern is mediating behavior.
C)  that the behavior is inherited.
D)  of none of the aboveE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Describe the distinction between habituation, sensory adaptation, and fatigue.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the distinction between habituation, sensory adaptation,...

Question 20

The dual-process theory can account for qualitative differences

Accepted Answer

A)  between short-term and long-term habituation.
B)  between sensitization and long-term habituation.
C)  between sensitization and short-term habituation.
D)  among sensitization, short-term habituation, and long-term habituation.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 2: Elicited Behavior Habituation and Sensitization

Sensitization in the Aplysia occurs due to

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Which of the following is true regarding any given modal action pattern?

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Applying a shock to the tail of the Aplysia

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The dual-process theory assumes which of the following?

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Which of the following most correctly describes a sign stimulus?

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A loud tone is repeatedly presented to a group of rats. Initially, there is a large startle response that decreases across trials. The response decrease across trials may be due to

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Describe the distinction between habituation, sensory adaptation, and fatigue.

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Which two closely related events constitute a reflex?

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What is the biphasic pattern of emotional responses? Apply this concept in the description of a common human experience.

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According to the dual-process theory, each presentation of a given stimulus activates

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Fatigue occurs in which of the following physiological areas?

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A bright light causes a startle response. The second presentation of the light elicits less of a response because the subject was temporarily blinded by the first light flash. This is an example of

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Why would the same tone result in habituation for rats exposed to a low level background noise and sensitization for rats exposed to high level background noise?

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The dual-process theory can account for qualitative differences

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Which of the following is not a modal action pattern?

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Habituation processes occur in the _____ system. Sensitization processes occur in the _____ system.

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Describe sign stimuli involved in the control of human behavior.

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What is the correct pathway of the neural signal in a reflex arc?

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Sensory adaptation occurs in which of the following physiological areas?

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If all the members of a species perform the same behavior, this is an indication

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Habituation processes occur in the _ system. Sensitization processes occur in the _ system.

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