Question 1

Describe the structure of the blood-brain barrier and explain why it is important.

Accepted Answer

Tightly joined endothelial cells form th...

Question 2

Dalton has been diagnosed with Korsakoff's syndrome. What likely caused his disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)   He is an alcoholic and has damaged his nervous system such that glucose cannot cross the blood-brain barrier.
B)   He has been exposed to a virus that has now started killing neurons.
C)   He doesn't have enough thiamine probably as a result of chronic alcoholism.
D)   His glial cells are overactive and are damaging healthy neurons.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   neurons and glia
B)   dendrites and axons
C)   ribosomes and lysosomes
D)   neurons and axonsE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

When a neuron's membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to move sodium ____ the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it ____ the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)   into; into
B)   into; out of
C)   out of; into
D)   out of; out ofE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Neurons differ most strongly from other body cells in their ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   temperature
B)   shape
C)   osmotic pressure
D)   mitochondriaE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Bryson is having a cavity filled at the dentist and was given Novocain to prevent feeling any pain. Later, he explains to his roommate how the Novocain worked to stop the pain. What did he tell his roommate?

Accepted Answer

Bryson told his roommate that Novocain w...

Question 7

Professor Rhodus is lecturing about selective permeability of neurons. What would he tell the class?

Accepted Answer

A)   All ions can only travel in one direction across the membrane.
B)   All molecules must cross the membrane via a designated channel.
C)   Only certain molecules can cross the membrane freely.
D)   Only sodium and potassium ions can cross the membrane.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Marquitta is studying for a quiz and records in her notes that glucose is the main source of fuel for the nervous system and enters the brain via _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   active transport
B)   passive transport
C)   gaps in the ventricles
D)   gaps in the blood-brain barrierE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Ribosomes are the part of a cell that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   performs metabolic activities
B)   breaks down harmful chemicals
C)   transports proteins
D)   synthesizes new proteinsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Professor Case studies how drugs of abuse change the amount of chemical that neurons release from the presynaptic terminal into the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   dendritic terminal
B)   junction between neurons
C)   afferent space
D)   nucleusE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

When a membrane is at rest, what attracts potassium ions to the inside of the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)   An electrical gradient
B)   A concentration gradient
C)   Both an electrical gradient and a concentration gradient
D)   Neither an electrical gradient nor a concentration gradientE) B) and D)
F) A) and D) A

Question 12

Describe how the brain transports essential chemicals.

Accepted Answer

The brain has several transport mechanis...

Question 13

Molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier are usually ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   large, uncharged molecules, such as lactose
B)   large, charged molecules
C)   neurotransmitters, such as dopamine
D)   molecules that can dissolve in the fats of the capillary wallsE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Pok is in the lab and is measuring the resting potential of neurons. Approximately what should she measure as the resting potential?

Accepted Answer

A)   -65 millivolts
B)   0 millivolts
C)   70 millivolts
D)   -70 millivoltsE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Andrew was exposed to the chicken pox virus as a child. What happened to that virus after it crossed the blood-brain barrier and entered Andrew's brain?

Accepted Answer

A)   Andrew's natural killer cells were able to quickly destroy it.
B)   The glia in his brain engulfed the virus and then natural killer cells destroyed them both.
C)   Nothing happened since the chicken pox virus cannot cross the blood-brain barrier.
D)   Nothing happened at first, but the virus remained there and caused negative effects for Andrew as he got older.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Professor Nuno explained to her class that glucose is so important to the brain because ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   neurons and glial cells can only metabolize glucose.
B)   glial cells can only breakdown glucose into energy that the neurons can use.
C)   glucose is unique and can cross the blood-brain barrier to be used by neurons.
D)   all other forms of energy are used up by the body and don't make it to the brain.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Professor Lopez studies the specialized _________ in the eye that detect light.

Accepted Answer

A)   motor neurons
B)   sensory neurons
C)   glial cells
D)   interneuronsE) B) and C)
F) A) and C) B

Question 18

What occurs when depolarization is less than the cell's threshold?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sodium is prevented from crossing the membrane.
B)   Potassium is prevented from crossing the membrane.
C)   Sodium crosses the membrane only slightly more than usual.
D)   The cell will still produce an action potential.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C) C

Question 19

When a neuron's membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to move potassium ____ the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it ____ the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)   into; into
B)   into; out of
C)   out of; into
D)   out of; out ofE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

A membrane produces an action potential whenever the potential across it reaches what level?

Accepted Answer

A)   the resting potential
B)   -90 mV
C)   the threshold of excitation
D)   the refractory periodE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Describe the structure of the blood-brain barrier and explain why it is important.

Correct AnswerverifiedTightly joined endothelial cells form th...View AnswerShow Answer

Dalton has been diagnosed with Korsakoff's syndrome. What likely caused his disorder?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a neuron's membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to move sodium ____ the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it ____ the cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neurons differ most strongly from other body cells in their ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bryson is having a cavity filled at the dentist and was given Novocain to prevent feeling any pain. Later, he explains to his roommate how the Novocain worked to stop the pain. What did he tell his roommate?

Correct AnswerverifiedBryson told his roommate that Novocain w...View AnswerShow Answer

Professor Rhodus is lecturing about selective permeability of neurons. What would he tell the class?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marquitta is studying for a quiz and records in her notes that glucose is the main source of fuel for the nervous system and enters the brain via _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ribosomes are the part of a cell that ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Case studies how drugs of abuse change the amount of chemical that neurons release from the presynaptic terminal into the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a membrane is at rest, what attracts potassium ions to the inside of the cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Describe how the brain transports essential chemicals.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe brain has several transport mechanis...View AnswerShow Answer

Molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier are usually ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pok is in the lab and is measuring the resting potential of neurons. Approximately what should she measure as the resting potential?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Andrew was exposed to the chicken pox virus as a child. What happened to that virus after it crossed the blood-brain barrier and entered Andrew's brain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Nuno explained to her class that glucose is so important to the brain because ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Lopez studies the specialized _________ in the eye that detect light.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

What occurs when depolarization is less than the cell's threshold?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

When a neuron's membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to move potassium ____ the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it ____ the cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A membrane produces an action potential whenever the potential across it reaches what level?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Tightly joined endothelial cells form th...
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When a neuron's membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to move sodium the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it the cell.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Bryson told his roommate that Novocain w...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A

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The brain has several transport mechanis...
View Answer

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B

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C

When a neuron's membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to move potassium the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it the cell.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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