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Exam 6: A: Learning

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Question 111

Multiple Choice

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Bette creates a television ad that alternates between images of garbage dumps and people drinking in a bar. She is hoping that people who watch the ad will develop negative feelings toward drinking. What principle is Bette is relying on?

A) observational learning
B) positive reinforcement
C) classical conditioning
D) negative reinforcement

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Question 112

Multiple Choice

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Nadja used to really enjoy potato salad, and at a family reunion she ate a large helping. Unfortunately, the potato salad had gone bad, and Nadja became quite ill after eating it. Now she finds that even the sight of potatoes in the grocery store can make her feel sick to her stomach. What is the sick feeling Nadja experiences when she sees potatoes in the grocery store, in this example?

A) conditioned response
B) conditioned stimulus
C) unconditioned stimulus
D) unconditioned response

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Question 113

Multiple Choice

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What is the single best way to ensure a strong conditioned response, according to Rescorla?

A woman reports feeling happy whenever she smells hot dogs and campfires because of the association of these smells with her favourite family vacations. What is the combined smell of hot dogs and campfires, in this example?

Via which learning process is learning to tie one's shoes most likely acquired?

Six-year-old Kristen is afraid of balloons because a balloon once popped in her face while she was holding it. Last week she went to the circus and there was a clown holding a huge assortment of helium balloons. Now she is also afraid of clowns, even though none of the balloons the clown was holding popped. Kristen's fear of clowns illustrates which classical conditioning process?

What is the difference between punishment and negative reinforcement?

In a cumulative record of responses from a Skinner box, what does a steep slope in the line indicate?

What should you present in order to weaken or eliminate a conditioned response?

In the cumulative record of responses from a Skinner box, what sort of line indicates a rapid, rather than slow, response rate?

What happens to successful responses, according to Thorndike's view of learning?

Which of the following is necessary for classical conditioning to occur, according to Pavlov?

Which of the following goals is specified in an appropriate format for designing a self-modification program?

How is escape conditioning maintained?

Organisms often continue to make operant responses, even when those responses are no longer reinforced. What is this persistence called?

Ken used to drool at the smell of peanut butter cookies as they baked, and he couldn't wait to sink his teeth into that first cookie. However, Ken's new roommate makes terrible peanut butter cookies, and the smell of them baking is no longer associated with a wonderful taste experience. Consequently, Ken finds that the smell of the cookies no longer makes him drool in anticipation. Which classical conditioning process does this illustrate?

You are watching a rat in a Skinner box, and every time a red light comes on the rat presses the lever in the box. However, when a green light comes on the rat never presses the lever. What is the red light for this rat?

Hanna finds that when her kids become too rowdy and noisy, she can successfully block out their noise if she closes the door to her study. What is the behaviour of closing the door in this example?

Maxwell runs a lawn care service and he charges his clients based on the square footage of their yard, rather than charging an hourly rate for his services. Under which type of reinforcement schedule is Maxwell working?

Which of the following statements is consistent with research on the effective use of punishment?