Question 1

Dillon is four years old,and his parents want to teach him to say "please" and "thank you." They will be most successful in altering Dillon's behavior if they use

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning
B)   higher-order conditioning
C)   non-contingent reinforcement
D)   operant conditioningE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Shaquille is a professional basketball player.He never knows for sure which of his shots will result in a basket,but the more shots he takes the more baskets he makes.In this example,Shaquille's shooting is being reinforced on

Accepted Answer

A)   a fixed-ratio schedule.
B)   a fixed-interval schedule.
C)   a variable-ratio schedule.
D)   a variable-interval schedule.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

As a teenager it seemed that your mom was always nagging you to clean your room.Eventually you learned that if you cleaned your room every Saturday morning you would not have to listen to her nagging.Your mother was successful in getting you to clean your room through the use of ____ to establish ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   negative reinforcement; avoidance learning
B)   negative reinforcement; escape learning
C)   punishment; avoidance learning
D)   punishment; escape learningE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Cues that influence operant behavior by indicating the probable consequences (reinforcement or nonreinforcement) of a response are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   reinforcement-extinction stimuli.
B)   generalization stimuli.
C)   discriminative stimuli.
D)   operant stimuli.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Classical conditioning could easily account for how a young child might learn to

Accepted Answer

A)   become potty-trained.
B)   feed himself.
C)   pick up his toys.
D)   fear the dentist.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

The newest winning numbers in the state lottery are announced on the local television station every Saturday night,at the end of the news hour.People who are watching for the lottery numbers will have their "watching" reinforced on

Accepted Answer

A)   a fixed-ratio schedule.
B)   a variable-ratio schedule.
C)   a variable-interval schedule.
D)   a fixed-interval schedule.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

In classical conditioning,an unconditioned stimulus is

Accepted Answer

A)   an unlearned reaction to a stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning.
B)   a learned reaction to a stimulus that occurs as a result of previous conditioning.
C)   a stimulus that evokes a response without previous conditioning.
D)   a previously neutral stimulus that has acquired the capacity to evoke a learned response.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Species-specific predispositions to be conditioned in certain ways and not in other ways is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus discrimination.
B)   aversion conditioning.
C)   compensatory conditioning.
D)   preparedness.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

The type of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences is

Accepted Answer

A)   observational learning.
B)   classical conditioning.
C)   operant conditioning.
D)   reinforcement.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Extinction of an operantly conditioned response occurs when the response

Accepted Answer

A)   is followed by continuous reinforcement.
B)   is followed by intermittent reinforcement.
C)   is no longer associated with the CS.
D)   is no longer followed by reinforcement.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 11

On Tuesday morning,Chloe prepared her typical breakfast of corn flakes with milk and a cup of coffee.However,instead of having grapefruit with her breakfast,she tried eating guava for the first time.Later she became extremely ill.If her illness causes her to develop a conditioned response to one of her breakfast items,the conditioned response will MOST likely be to

Accepted Answer

A)   guava, because it was a novel stimulus.
B)   milk, because the milk may have been sour.
C)   grapefruit, because that was the one thing missing from her typical breakfast.
D)   coffee, because coffee is a stimulant.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

The research of both Tolman and Bandura distinguishes between

Accepted Answer

A)   positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement.
B)   the acquisition of a learned response and the performance of the response.
C)   reinforcement of a response and punishment of a response.
D)   classical conditioning and operant conditioning.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of

Accepted Answer

A)   observational learning.
B)   punishment.
C)   operant conditioning.
D)   classical conditioning.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

In higher-order conditioning ____ now functions as if it were ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   a conditioned stimulus; an unconditioned stimulus
B)   an unconditioned stimulus; a conditioned stimulus
C)   a conditioned response; an unconditioned response
D)   an unconditioned response; a conditioned responseE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Zane has been shocked on six separate occasions while making toast.However,he doesn't seem to have developed a phobia toward toasters.Zane's only phobia is toward spiders,because he once had a big spider fall in his shirt when he was child.Zane's pattern of phobias illustrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)   signal relations.
B)   negative avoidance.
C)   superstitious responding.
D)   preparedness.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

According to Rescorla,the single best way to ensure a strong CR is to arrange that the CS

Accepted Answer

A)   remains constantly present throughout training.
B)   be one that is well above the absolute threshold of the animal being trained.
C)   sometimes occurs when the US is not present.
D)   is the most predictive signal for the US.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for decreasing the frequency of an undesirable behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   positive reinforcement for withholding the response
B)   punishment for making the response
C)   increasing exposure to antecedents of the response
D)   decreasing exposure to antecedents of the responseE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Chimps are trained to perform a variety of tasks to get coins.The coins could then be traded in for banana chips which could be eaten.The coins served as a

Accepted Answer

A)   primary reinforcer.
B)   negative reinforcer.
C)   secondary reinforcer.
D)   partial reinforcer.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets.The rat is pressing the lever at a very high rate,and does not stop,even when a food pellet is delivered.In this example,the reinforcement schedule that is in place is MOST likely

Accepted Answer

A)   a fixed-interval schedule.
B)   a variable-ratio schedule.
C)   a fixed-ratio schedule.
D)   a variable-interval schedule.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Last year Becky went to a psychologist and was cured of her dog phobia.Today,however,while jogging in the park she was overcome with anxiety when she saw a young man jogging toward her with his golden retriever on a leash.Apparently,Becky's dog phobia

Accepted Answer

A)   showed spontaneous recovery.
B)   had not been extinguished after all.
C)   showed higher-order conditioning.
D)   showed stimulus generalization.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Exam 6: Learning

As a teenager it seemed that your mom was always nagging you to clean your room.Eventually you learned that if you cleaned your room every Saturday morning you would not have to listen to her nagging.Your mother was successful in getting you to clean your room through the use of to establish .

Correct Answer
verified

In higher-order conditioning now functions as if it were .

Correct Answer
verified

The research of both Tolman and Bandura distinguishes between

Correct Answer
verified

Chimps are trained to perform a variety of tasks to get coins.The coins could then be traded in for banana chips which could be eaten.The coins served as a

Correct Answer
verified

Zane has been shocked on six separate occasions while making toast.However,he doesn't seem to have developed a phobia toward toasters.Zane's only phobia is toward spiders,because he once had a big spider fall in his shirt when he was child.Zane's pattern of phobias illustrates the concept of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Classical conditioning could easily account for how a young child might learn to

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for decreasing the frequency of an undesirable behavior?

Correct Answer
verified

The newest winning numbers in the state lottery are announced on the local television station every Saturday night,at the end of the news hour.People who are watching for the lottery numbers will have their "watching" reinforced on

Correct Answer
verified

Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of

Correct Answer
verified

Species-specific predispositions to be conditioned in certain ways and not in other ways is known as

Correct Answer
verified

In classical conditioning,an unconditioned stimulus is

Correct Answer
verified

According to Rescorla,the single best way to ensure a strong CR is to arrange that the CS

Correct Answer
verified

Last year Becky went to a psychologist and was cured of her dog phobia.Today,however,while jogging in the park she was overcome with anxiety when she saw a young man jogging toward her with his golden retriever on a leash.Apparently,Becky's dog phobia

Correct Answer
verified

Extinction of an operantly conditioned response occurs when the response

Correct Answer
verified

Shaquille is a professional basketball player.He never knows for sure which of his shots will result in a basket,but the more shots he takes the more baskets he makes.In this example,Shaquille's shooting is being reinforced on

Correct Answer
verified

The type of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences is

Correct Answer
verified

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets.The rat is pressing the lever at a very high rate,and does not stop,even when a food pellet is delivered.In this example,the reinforcement schedule that is in place is MOST likely

Correct Answer
verified

Cues that influence operant behavior by indicating the probable consequences (reinforcement or nonreinforcement) of a response are referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

Dillon is four years old,and his parents want to teach him to say "please" and "thank you." They will be most successful in altering Dillon's behavior if they use

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Learning

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In higher-order conditioning ____ now functions as if it were ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The research of both Tolman and Bandura distinguishes between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chimps are trained to perform a variety of tasks to get coins.The coins could then be traded in for banana chips which could be eaten.The coins served as a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Zane has been shocked on six separate occasions while making toast.However,he doesn't seem to have developed a phobia toward toasters.Zane's only phobia is toward spiders,because he once had a big spider fall in his shirt when he was child.Zane's pattern of phobias illustrates the concept of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical conditioning could easily account for how a young child might learn to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for decreasing the frequency of an undesirable behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The newest winning numbers in the state lottery are announced on the local television station every Saturday night,at the end of the news hour.People who are watching for the lottery numbers will have their "watching" reinforced on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Species-specific predispositions to be conditioned in certain ways and not in other ways is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning,an unconditioned stimulus is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Rescorla,the single best way to ensure a strong CR is to arrange that the CS

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Last year Becky went to a psychologist and was cured of her dog phobia.Today,however,while jogging in the park she was overcome with anxiety when she saw a young man jogging toward her with his golden retriever on a leash.Apparently,Becky's dog phobia

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Extinction of an operantly conditioned response occurs when the response

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shaquille is a professional basketball player.He never knows for sure which of his shots will result in a basket,but the more shots he takes the more baskets he makes.In this example,Shaquille's shooting is being reinforced on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The type of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets.The rat is pressing the lever at a very high rate,and does not stop,even when a food pellet is delivered.In this example,the reinforcement schedule that is in place is MOST likely

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cues that influence operant behavior by indicating the probable consequences (reinforcement or nonreinforcement) of a response are referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dillon is four years old,and his parents want to teach him to say "please" and "thank you." They will be most successful in altering Dillon's behavior if they use

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

In higher-order conditioning now functions as if it were .

Correct Answer
verified

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