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Question 91

Multiple Choice

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Holly was dancing with her new boyfriend at an Elvis tribute.When the band started playing "Can't Help Falling in Love with You" her boyfriend gave her a long,passionate kiss,which Holly found very enjoyable.Now Holly finds that every time she hears "Can't Help Falling in Love with You" on the radio,she becomes a little flushed.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is

A) the long, passionate kiss.
B) the song, "Can't Help Falling in Love with You."
C) the enjoyment she experienced after the kiss from her boyfriend.
D) the flushing she experiences when she hears the song on the radio.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Question 92

Multiple Choice

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Car manufacturers try to encourage drivers to buckle their seat belts through the use of reinforcement.As you know,if you start your car without buckling-up you will hear an annoying sound.If you learn to buckle-up after hearing the sound,you show ____.If you acquire the response of buckling-up before you turn on the ignition,you show ____.

A) avoidance learning; escape learning
B) escape learning; avoidance learning
C) punishment; escape learning
D) punishment; avoidance learning

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Question 93

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When a response is strengthened because it is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus it is called

It is very likely that you learned how to turn on the TV and change channels as a young child without your parents ever specifically teaching you to do so.(In fact,your parents were probably happier when they had control over the TV) .In this case,your learning would,most likely,be an example of

While Pavlov and Skinner viewed conditioning as a purely ____ process,today learning psychologists view conditioning as also containing a ____ component.

A toddler has an established conditioned fear of snow.Over the past few weeks every time he sees Santa Claus,snow is always present so he develops a fear of Santa Claus.This example is an illustration of higher-order conditioning.

Which of the following goals is specified in an appropriate format for designing a self-modification program?

Kylee used to bring drawings home from her kindergarten class every day.Her parents would put the pictures on the refrigerator and tell Kylee how nice the pictures were.Lately,her parents haven't been putting her artwork on the refrigerator,and now Kylee has stopped bringing drawings home with her.This example illustrates the operant conditioning process of

According to the cognitive explanation of classical conditioning,a CS that is a "good" signal associated with an US is a CS that

Simon cringes every time he hears a dentist's drill,even when he is sitting in the waiting room of his dentist's office.In this example,cringing in the waiting room is

Skinner demonstrated that organisms tend to repeat responses that are followed by favorable consequences.Skinner termed these favorable consequences

In positive reinforcement the response is strengthened as a result of the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus; in negative reinforcement a response is strengthened as a result of the removal of a desirable stimulus.

The experience Seligman had with sauce béarnaise was unique in that

Pavlov found that meat powder placed on a dog's tongue will make the dog salivate.In Pavlov's terms,the meat powder is

In the 1930s learning that is influenced by stimuli that follow the response was christened "operant conditioning" by

If a child covers his/her ears when seeing fireworks,before hearing the sound of the fireworks,seeing the fireworks would be a(n)

The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called

Conditioned taste aversions illustrate that an organism's biological heritage may place constraints on general learning processes.These phenomena add support to

While new responses are more easily established with ____ reinforcement,responses maintained with ____ reinforcement are more resistant to extinction.

Recent research has shown that classical conditioning procedures can lead to ____________________,or a decrease in the production of antibodies.