Question 1

Four-year-old Nina says: "I runned all the way home." This MOST likely indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)   Nina has forgotten the correct way to form the past tense.
B)   Nina hears improper verb forms spoken in her home.
C)   Nina is still relying on telegraphic speech to convey meaning.
D)   Nina is overregularizing a grammatical rule.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Car A has good mileage,a low price,and low maintenance,or three pluses.Car B has only a low price and low maintenance,or two pluses.So,I'll choose Car A.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   a weighted additive strategy.
B)   a field dependent decision strategy.
C)   a purely additive strategy.
D)   elimination-by-aspects.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

You are having a conversation with your psychology professor and he proposes that people have an inborn predisposition to develop language.Which theorist would agree with his assertions?

Accepted Answer

A)   David Premack
B)   B. F. Skinner
C)   Steven Pinker
D)   Noam ChomskyE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

After seeing your new neighbor walking very stiffly and primly by your house wearing horn-rimmed glasses on a chain,a cardigan sweater,and her hair in a bun,you decide she must be a librarian.Your judgment is based on

Accepted Answer

A)   subjective probability.
B)   subjective utility.
C)   the availability heuristic.
D)   the representativeness heuristic.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

A mental "rule of thumb" for problem solving is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   an algorithm.
B)   a heuristic.
C)   a mental set.
D)   a syllogism.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

An 8-year-old shows irony and sarcasm in his speech by saying "That's just great,I'm a regular Michael Jordan!" after he misses a free throw in a basketball game; this suggests that his ____ has improved.

Accepted Answer

A)   metalinguistic awareness
B)   psycholinguistic skills
C)   linguistic relativity
D)   ability to use linguistic heuristicsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 7

The vocabulary spurt typically begins at around

Accepted Answer

A)   6-10 months.
B)   10-15 months.
C)   18-24 months.
D)   24-30 months.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Loss aversion occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)   gains loom larger than losses of an equal size.
B)   people underestimate how much regret they will experience.
C)   losses loom larger than gains of an equal size.
D)   people delay decisions involving two alternatives that both involve losses.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Name and describe the three types of problems identified by Greeno (1978),and indicate which of the approaches to problem solving discussed in your text would be helpful and unhelpful in solving each type of problem.

Accepted Answer

Problems of inducing structure: The subj...

Question 10

Hiram is not really a sports fan,but he signs up for a fantasy baseball tournament that is being sponsored by the company he works for.In selecting his team,he picks the ten players that he recognizes from 200 that are listed.He is pleasantly surprised when his fantasy team finishes near the top.In this instance,Hiram made his selections using

Accepted Answer

A)   belief perseverance.
B)   the representativeness heuristic.
C)   mental set.
D)   the recognition heuristic.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

According to the interactionist theories of language acquisition,

Accepted Answer

A)   children learn language through imitation, reinforcement, and shaping.
B)   language acquisition is tied to children's progress in thinking.
C)   children possess a built-in language acquisition device.
D)   neural circuits supporting language emerge gradually in response to language learning experiences.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Which of the following theorists encouraged the study of cognitive activity which helped lead to the cognitive revolution in the 1950s?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sigmund Freud
B)   John Watson
C)   Herbert Simon
D)   B. F. SkinnerE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Three-year-old Johnny used to say "mikk" when he wanted a drink of milk.Now he is able to say "milk" quite clearly.In this instance,Johnny has made a gain in his use of

Accepted Answer

A)   phonemes.
B)   syntax.
C)   morphemes.
D)   linguistic heuristics.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Solving problems like the hobbit and orc problem in your textbook,that require you to make changes and carry out several steps in order to reach a specific goal are examples of a problem of

Accepted Answer

A)   inducing structure.
B)   lexical analysis.
C)   transformation.
D)   arrangement.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Imagine you have a problem to solve that has some similarities to problems you have previously solved.If focusing on the similarities leads you relatively quickly to a solution,you would be benefiting from the ____ heuristic; on the other hand,if focusing on the similarities prevents or slows your finding a solution,you would be hindered by the ____ barrier to problem solving.

Accepted Answer

A)   changing the representation of the problem; functional fixedness
B)   changing the representation of the problem; mental set
C)   searching for analogies; functional fixedness
D)   searching for analogies; mental setE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

The process that involves evaluating alternatives and making choices among them is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   insight.
B)   problem solving.
C)   decision making.
D)   bounded rationality.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 17

The hypothesized "language acquisition device" is associated with the

Accepted Answer

A)   nativist theory of language.
B)   learning theory of language.
C)   generativity theory of language.
D)   stage theory of language.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the difficulties that may emerge when solving problems requiring insight?

Accepted Answer

A)   the way in which people structure the problem
B)   the way in which people apply prior knowledge to the problem
C)   how much information people need to juggle in working memory
D)   the inability to find an appropriate analogy for the problem in long-term memoryE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Seventeen-year-old Ashley is driving her brother's car when she has her first-ever flat tire.She realizes that she needs to find where the spare tire and the jack and other tools are stored in the car,remove the flat tire and install the spare tire.Ashley is approaching the problem by

Accepted Answer

A)   forming subgoals.
B)   changing the representation of the problem.
C)   working backward.
D)   searching for analogies.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Kailee has learned the word "kitty," but she uses this word when she is referring to cats,bunnies,squirrels,and other small furry animals.Kailee's use of this word illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   overextension.
B)   fast mapping.
C)   telegraphic speech.
D)   babbling.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Exam 8: Language and Thought

Seventeen-year-old Ashley is driving her brother's car when she has her first-ever flat tire.She realizes that she needs to find where the spare tire and the jack and other tools are stored in the car,remove the flat tire and install the spare tire.Ashley is approaching the problem by

Correct Answer
verified

Car A has good mileage,a low price,and low maintenance,or three pluses.Car B has only a low price and low maintenance,or two pluses.So,I'll choose Car A.This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

A mental "rule of thumb" for problem solving is referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

Three-year-old Johnny used to say "mikk" when he wanted a drink of milk.Now he is able to say "milk" quite clearly.In this instance,Johnny has made a gain in his use of

Correct Answer
verified

Loss aversion occurs when

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following theorists encouraged the study of cognitive activity which helped lead to the cognitive revolution in the 1950s?

Correct Answer
verified

According to the interactionist theories of language acquisition,

Correct Answer
verified

The process that involves evaluating alternatives and making choices among them is known as

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Kailee has learned the word "kitty," but she uses this word when she is referring to cats,bunnies,squirrels,and other small furry animals.Kailee's use of this word illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

After seeing your new neighbor walking very stiffly and primly by your house wearing horn-rimmed glasses on a chain,a cardigan sweater,and her hair in a bun,you decide she must be a librarian.Your judgment is based on

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Name and describe the three types of problems identified by Greeno (1978),and indicate which of the approaches to problem solving discussed in your text would be helpful and unhelpful in solving each type of problem.

Correct Answer
verified
Problems of inducing structure: The subj...
View Answer

Four-year-old Nina says: "I runned all the way home." This MOST likely indicates that

Correct Answer
verified

You are having a conversation with your psychology professor and he proposes that people have an inborn predisposition to develop language.Which theorist would agree with his assertions?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT one of the difficulties that may emerge when solving problems requiring insight?

Correct Answer
verified

The vocabulary spurt typically begins at around

Correct Answer
verified

The hypothesized "language acquisition device" is associated with the

Correct Answer
verified

An 8-year-old shows irony and sarcasm in his speech by saying "That's just great,I'm a regular Michael Jordan!" after he misses a free throw in a basketball game; this suggests that his ____ has improved.

Correct Answer
verified

Solving problems like the hobbit and orc problem in your textbook,that require you to make changes and carry out several steps in order to reach a specific goal are examples of a problem of

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 8: Language and Thought

Seventeen-year-old Ashley is driving her brother's car when she has her first-ever flat tire.She realizes that she needs to find where the spare tire and the jack and other tools are stored in the car,remove the flat tire and install the spare tire.Ashley is approaching the problem by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Car A has good mileage,a low price,and low maintenance,or three pluses.Car B has only a low price and low maintenance,or two pluses.So,I'll choose Car A.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A mental "rule of thumb" for problem solving is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three-year-old Johnny used to say "mikk" when he wanted a drink of milk.Now he is able to say "milk" quite clearly.In this instance,Johnny has made a gain in his use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Loss aversion occurs when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following theorists encouraged the study of cognitive activity which helped lead to the cognitive revolution in the 1950s?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the interactionist theories of language acquisition,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process that involves evaluating alternatives and making choices among them is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kailee has learned the word "kitty," but she uses this word when she is referring to cats,bunnies,squirrels,and other small furry animals.Kailee's use of this word illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After seeing your new neighbor walking very stiffly and primly by your house wearing horn-rimmed glasses on a chain,a cardigan sweater,and her hair in a bun,you decide she must be a librarian.Your judgment is based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Name and describe the three types of problems identified by Greeno (1978),and indicate which of the approaches to problem solving discussed in your text would be helpful and unhelpful in solving each type of problem.

Correct AnswerverifiedProblems of inducing structure: The subj...View AnswerShow Answer

Four-year-old Nina says: "I runned all the way home." This MOST likely indicates that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are having a conversation with your psychology professor and he proposes that people have an inborn predisposition to develop language.Which theorist would agree with his assertions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT one of the difficulties that may emerge when solving problems requiring insight?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The vocabulary spurt typically begins at around

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hypothesized "language acquisition device" is associated with the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An 8-year-old shows irony and sarcasm in his speech by saying "That's just great,I'm a regular Michael Jordan!" after he misses a free throw in a basketball game; this suggests that his ____ has improved.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Solving problems like the hobbit and orc problem in your textbook,that require you to make changes and carry out several steps in order to reach a specific goal are examples of a problem of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Problems of inducing structure: The subj...
View Answer

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