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The biggest difference among football teams in terms of revenue-generating capacity is


A) luxury box revenue.
B) local television contracts.
C) the cost of living in the city.
D) memorabilia sales.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The suggestions that have been made to allow small-market baseball teams to compete include


A) a salary cap.
B) expansion to smaller cities.
C) revenue sharing.
D) both a salary cap and revenue sharing.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Suppose your community is considering using public money to build a new sports stadium for a new team that will only stay in the community if it is built for them. Suppose you are watching a news broadcast in which the supporters are saying that it is a good idea because, even though they don't go to the games, it is more fun to live in a town with a team and it is to live in a town without a team. The supporters are relying on the


A) stupidity of voters.
B) externality argument.
C) local substitution argument.
D) present value argument.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Franchises with the lowest team revenues in their league


A) make it into the playoffs much more often than other teams.
B) build the largest number of luxury suites, due to the intense loyalty of their diehard fans.
C) usually find it difficult both to win and make money in the same season.
D) sign by far the most talented players among the free agents.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The use of public money to attract sports entities


A) is limited to football.
B) is overwhelmingly in baseball.
C) was used by the city of Indianapolis to attract the offices of the NCAA from Kansas City.
D) is now causing the Master's golf tournament to move to Las Vegas.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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In terms of an economic contribution, building a football stadium


A) to attract a team has always been a successful strategy in growing an community's economy.
B) to keep a team that would otherwise leave has always been a successful strategy in growing an community's economy.
C) with public dollars has never been shown to enhance a community's economy.
D) has been shown to be futile. The team leaves anyway.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The one major sport to have lost an entire season to a work stoppage was


A) baseball.
B) football.
C) NASCAR.
D) hockey.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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The prospective gain per season to an owner from recruiting a new star player is that player's


A) marginal cost.
B) marginal revenue product.
C) capital value.
D) reservation wage.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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The use of public money to attract baseball spring training sites


A) has no economic rationale.
B) makes sense because such sites attract many tourists to that location during the months of February and March when those tourists might go elsewhere to follow their team if the money is not spent on a facility.
C) suffers from exactly the same logical problem (of local substitution) that the use of public money to keep an NFL team suffers from.
D) is always warranted just like building an NFL facility is always warranted.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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The biggest factor in separating out baseball teams in terms of revenues is


A) ticket sales.
B) local television contracts.
C) the cost of living in the city.
D) memorabilia sales.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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In the era of free agency, small market franchises in baseball


A) can only make money when they win games.
B) will lose money regardless of whether they win games.
C) often must choose between making money and winning games.
D) will make money whether or not they win games.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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The largest metropolitan area in the United States that has no major league baseball, basketball, football, or hockey franchise is


A) Austin, Texas.
B) Ft. Myers, Florida.
C) Birmingham, Alabama.
D) Las Vegas, Nevada.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Which major sports' players were locked out during 2011 (whether or not the season was affected) ?


A) Baseball and football
B) Football and basketball
C) NASCAR and the IRL
D) Hockey and soccer

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The era of free agency brought salaries closer to


A) the marginal revenue product of players.
B) the reservation wage of players.
C) their long run average.
D) their universally agreed-upon, morally justifiable level.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The least amount of money that a player will accept to play for a team is called the player's


A) reservation wage.
B) marginal revenue product.
C) average compensation.
D) minimum wage.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The sport where free agency first dominated was


A) baseball.
B) soccer.
C) football.
D) hockey.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Major westward moves in sports franchises began in earnest in the major sports in


A) the 1950s with two New York teams (the Dodgers and the Giants) moving to California.
B) 1969 with the Seattle Pilots as an expansion team.
C) 1972 with the Washington Senators becoming the Texas Rangers.
D) 1922 with the Boston Braves moving to Atlanta.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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During the labor dispute of 2011, the NFL players used which of the following tactics to prevent the teams from succeeding in their lockout?


A) Decertifying their union
B) Forming a players-owned league
C) Striking
D) Signing with Canadian teams

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Under a reserve clause structure the wage paid to a professional athlete is likely to be close to his


A) reservation wage.
B) marginal revenue product.
C) average compensation.
D) deadweight loss.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The draft lottery was created in the NBA to


A) eliminate the incentive to lose on purpose in order to guarantee a better draft position.
B) create a chance for good teams to get better.
C) add excitement to the post-season.
D) add excitement to the pre-season.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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