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can take place at any of the following levels: database,table,page,row,or field.

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The isolation level ensures that queries return consistent results. a.Read Uncommitted b.Read Committed c.Serializable d.Repeatable Read

A) True
B) False

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If T1 has not unlocked data item Y,T2 cannot begin; if T2 has not unlocked data item X,T1 cannot continue.Consequently,T1 and T2 each wait for the other to unlock the required data item.Such a deadlock is also known as a(n)_____.

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The______ manager is responsible for assigning and policing the locks used by the transactions.


A) transaction
B) database
C) lock
D) schedule

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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occurs when a transaction accesses data before and after one or more other transactions finish working with such data.


A) Inconsistent retrievals
B) The phenomena of uncommitted data
C) Lost update problems
D) Dirty read problems

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Durability requires that all portions of the transaction must be treated as a single,logical unit of work in which all operations are applied and completed to produce a consistent database.

A) True
B) False

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As long as two transactions,T1 and T2,access data,there is no conflict,and the order of execution is irrelevant to the final outcome.


A) shared
B) common
C) unrelated
D) locked

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Although the DBMS is designed to recover a database to a previous consistent state when an interruption prevents the completion of a required set of transactions,the transactions themselves are defined by the end user or programmer and must be._________correct.

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ANSI defines four events that signal the end of a transaction.Of the following events,which is defined by ANSI as being equivalent to a ROLLBACK?


A) Five SQL statements are executed.
B) The end of a program is successfully reached.
C) The program is abnormally terminated.
D) The database is shut down for maintenance.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The interleaves the execution of database operations to ensure serializability.

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The transaction recovery write-ahead-log protocol ensures that transaction logs are always written before any database data are actually updated.

A) True
B) False

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A(n) occurs when a transaction executes a query at time t1,and then it runs the same query at time t2,yielding additional rows that satisfy the query.


A) phantom read
B) dirty read
C) uncommitted dependency
D) nonrepeatable read

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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A single-user database system automatically ensures of the database,because only one transaction is executed at a time.


A) serializability and durability
B) atomicity and isolation
C) serializability and isolation
D) atomicity and serializability

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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A(n) condition occurs when two or more transactions wait for each other to unlock data.


A) deadlock
B) exclusive lock
C) binary lock
D) two-phase lock

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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As a rule,a(n)must unlock the object after its termination.

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A field-level lock allows concurrent transactions to access the same row,as long as they require the use of different fields within that row.

A) True
B) False

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The reason for the different levels of isolation is to increase transaction concurrency.

A) True
B) False

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A shared lock produces no conflict as long as all the concurrent transactions are read-write only.

A) True
B) False

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Time stamping demands a lot of system resources because many transactions might have to be stopped,rescheduled,and stamped.

A) True
B) False

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How does a shared/exclusive lock schema increase the lock manager's overhead?

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The type of lock held must be known befo...

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